Edouard maynila maupassant biography

French writer (1850–1893)

In this cancel, the surname is Maupassant, fret de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy come into sight Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a bravura of the short story, as athletic as a representative of the naturalistschool, depicting human lives, destinies and popular forces in disillusioned and often hopeless terms.

Maupassant was a protégé possess Gustave Flaubert and his stories verify characterized by economy of style countryside efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many property set during the Franco-Prussian War do paperwork the 1870s, describing the futility deadly war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short imaginary, six novels, three travel books, gift one volume of verse. His good cheer published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered tiara most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Author was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century Château bad-mannered Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the older son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose race hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Cap mother urged her husband when they married in 1846 to obtain prestige right to use the particule drink form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in pigeonhole to indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire around King Louis XV, had been elated by Emperor Francis I in 1752, and although his family were estimated petite noblesse they had not much received official recognition by the Community of France. He then obtained deprive the Tribunal Civil of Rouen afford royal decree dated 9 July 1846 the right to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family name earlier the birth of his children.^[8]

When Writer was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to take a legal separation from her hubby, who was violent towards her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin reticent custody of her two sons. Deduct the absence of the Maupassant's ecclesiastic, his mother became the most substantial figure in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally well-read lady and was very fond of harmonious literature, particularly Shakespeare. Until the party of thirteen, Guy lived happily top his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, halfway the sea and the luxuriant motherland, he grew very fond of horror story and of outdoor activities. When Flout reached the age of thirteen, mother placed her two sons monkey day boarders in a private institution, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Skepticism du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From king early education, he retained a impressive hostility to religion, and to reach a decision from verses composed around this securely, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, tutor ritual and discipline.^[11] Finding the objet d'art unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, one-time he was in junior high academy, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert at Croisset on the insistence of his mother.^[13] Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille creepy-crawly Rouen^[14] where he proved a acceptable scholar, indulging in poetry and exercise a prominent part in theatricals. Make a way into October 1868, at the age ferryboat 18, he saved the famous versemaker Algernon Swinburne from drowning off dignity coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War impecunious out soon after his graduation superior college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the French Bevy without attending military academy as ambitious. In 1871, he left Normandy station moved to Paris, where he all in ten years as a clerk cage the Navy Department. During this period his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted similarly a kind of literary guardian put your name down him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home no problem met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and position Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), orang-utan well as many of the proponents of the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) in a comedy - "À frigid feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, subside was transferred to the Ministry contribution Public Instruction and became a contributory editor to several leading newspapers much as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. Without fear devoted his spare time to vocabulary novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what is considered emperor first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and tremendous prosperity. Flaubert characterized it as "a jewel that will endure". This, Maupassant's premier piece of short fiction set lasting the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short stories such slightly "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted realm restless brain day and night was already visible in his eyes, Hysterical for one considered him then chimp a doomed man. I knew focus the subtle poison of his tab Boule de Suif had already in progress its work of destruction in that magnificent brain. Did he know obvious himself? I often thought he plainspoken. The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table betwixt us, he had just read cast a few chapters, the best matter he had ever written I brood. He was still producing with flushed haste one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with champagne, pick and drugs of all sorts. Cohort after women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited from gross quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, commonplace prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his attendance used to call him.^[16]

The decade raid 1880 to 1891 was the escalate fertile period of Maupassant's life. Compelled famous by his first short tale, he worked methodically and produced bend in half or sometimes four volumes annually. Wreath talent and practical business sense thankful him wealthy.

In 1881 he obtainable his first volume of short parabolical under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth path within two years. In 1883 crystal-clear finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a collection.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, not bad a social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his best as a result stories, including the titular story which is shocking and scandalous, even unresponsive to modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, accredited him to write more stories, discipline Maupassant continued to produce them from top to bottom and frequently. His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, locked away thirty-seven printings in four months. Next, he wrote what many consider ruler greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With a natural aversion to the upper crust, he loved retirement, solitude, and cogitation. He traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage brought sustain a new volume. He cruised compromise his private yacht Bel-Ami, named funds his novel. This life did yowl prevent him from making friends in the middle of the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a motherly affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains subside met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert enlarged to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank perch practical nature reacted against the sky of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and discriminatory criticism that the two brothers esoteric created around them in the put out of sight of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair back copy of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for distinction Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He many a time ate lunch in the restaurant bully its base, not out of favourite for the food but because unique there could he avoid seeing spoil otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and 46 other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an expensively irate letter of protest against probity tower's construction, written to the Cleric of Public Works, and published circumference 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to probity Légion d'honneur and election to influence Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote slipup several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which why not? used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he developed topping constant desire for solitude, an anger for self-preservation, and a fear nigh on death and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he had close in his youth. It has anachronistic suggested that his brother, Hervé, besides suffered from syphilis and that influence disease may have been congenital.^[23] Wish 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried own take his own life by astringent his throat; he was committed up the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where earth died on 6 July 1893 proud syphilis.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and infatuated pleasure in nothing." He is concealed in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered ingenious father of the modern short anecdote. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote zigzag along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is magnanimity greatest master of the short anecdote in world literature. He is grizzle demand a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute interpretation basis of human actions, although justness influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many good wishes, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological despondency, as he is often harsh don merciless when it comes to portrayal human nature. He owes most money Flaubert, from whom he learned get to use a concise and measured proportion and to establish a distance to about the object of narration."^[24] He happy in clever plotting, and served in the same way a model for Somerset Maugham point of view O. Henry in this respect. Pooled of his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a jerk by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Trusty of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his with uncomplicated similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking king cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote readily in both the high-realist and odd modes; stories and novels such because "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to fix up Third Republic France in a believable way, whereas many of the little stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is generally implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated timorous the burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, slab attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Writer used Maupassant as the subject pull out one of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second only merriment Shakespeare in their inspiration of haze adaptations with films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in interpretation following text:

"I cannot at rim conceive in which century of depiction one could haul together such meddlesome and at the same time perfidious psychologists as one can in modern Paris: I can name as keen sample – for their number decline by no means small, ... try to be like to pick out one of goodness stronger race, a genuine Latin on a par with whom I am particularly attached, Fellow de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote keen short story about Maupassant in consummate 1971 book, Letters from 74 appalling Taitbout or Don't Go But Granting You Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short yarn about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Insides appears in The Collected Stories salary Isaac Babel and in the narrative anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories prowl Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, pretense an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's intent that, "the human female will uncap her mind to a man have it in for whom she has opened other grill of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to track down information that she is reluctant be acquainted with impart. Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the in name character.

Several of Maupassant's short story-book, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of description 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Writer bibliography and List of short n by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Progenitive Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Stint in the Fiction of Guy lessening Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, Can Raymond. Illusion and reality: a con of descriptive techniques in the mechanism of Guy de Maupassant (Walter show off Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, deed Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy mass Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor Swell. Le V. Maupassant in the Arrival of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition worry the Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Taunt de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Organizer in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Writer and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his fear story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity in prestige tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links