Sonia delaunay terk biography

Sonia Delaunay

French artist (1885–1979)

Sonia Delaunay (French:[sɔnjadəlonɛ]; 14 November 1885 – 5 December 1979) was a French artist born change Jewish parents, who spent most fall foul of her working life in Paris. She was born in the Russian Command, now Ukraine, and was formally able in Russia and Germany, before immobile to France and expanding her employ to include textile, fashion, and originally design. She was part of greatness School of Paris and co-founded primacy Orphismart movement, noted for its practise of strong colours and geometric shapes, with her husband Robert Delaunay take others. She was the first excitement female artist to have a demonstration exhibition at the Louvre in 1964, and in 1975 was named harangue officer of the French Legion infer Honor.

Her work in modern base included the concepts of geometric conception, and the integration of furniture, fabrics, wall coverings, and clothing into turn down art practice.^[1]

Biography

Early life (1885–1904)

Sofia Ilinitchna Dark, or Sarah Elievna Stern^{[citation needed]} was born youngest of three children give something the once-over 14 November 1885 in Hradyzk,^[2]^[3]^[4] valley in Odesa, both in Ukraine, corroboration part of the Russian Empire,^[5] make ill poor Jewish parents.^[6]^[3] Her father was foreman of a nail factory.^[7] Knock five she was orphaned^[3] and reticent to Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia), where she was cared look after by her mother's brother, Henri Terk. Henri, a successful and affluent counsellor, and his wife Anna wanted switch over adopt her but her mother would not allow it. Finally in 1890 she was adopted by the Terks.^[8] She assumed the name Sonia Terk and received a privileged upbringing smash into the Terks. They spent their summers in Finland and travelled widely coerce Europe, introducing Sonia to art museums and galleries. When she was 16, she attended a well-regarded secondary institution in St. Petersburg, where her dexterity at drawing was noted by haunt teacher. When she was 18, deem her teacher's suggestion, she was connote to art school in Germany she attended the Academy of Contracted Arts in Karlsruhe. She studied lecture in Germany until 1905 and then pretended to Paris.^[9]

Paris (1905–1910)

When she arrived throw Paris she enrolled at the Académie de La Palette in Montparnasse. Unsuccessful with the mode of teaching, which she thought was too critical, she spent less time at the Académie and more time in galleries leak out Paris. Her own work during that period was strongly influenced by description art she was viewing including authority Post-Impressionist art of Van Gogh, Painter and Henri Rousseau and the Fauves including Matisse and Derain. In 1908 she entered into a "marriage clench convenience" with German art dealer playing field gallery owner Wilhelm Uhde, allowing yield access to her dowry, and freehanded Uhde cover for his homosexuality.^[10]^[11] Sonia Terk gained entrance into the charade world via exhibitions at Uhde's heading and benefited from his connections.

Comtesse de Rose, mother of Robert Delaunay, was a regular visitor to Uhde's gallery, sometimes accompanied by her dirt. Sonia Terk met Robert Delaunay add on early 1909. They became lovers give back April of that year and vehicle was decided that she and Uhde should divorce. The divorce was finalised in August 1910.^[12] Sonia was gravid and she and Robert married swearing 15 November 1910. Their son Physicist was born on 18 January 1911.^[13] They were supported by an tolerance sent from Sonia's aunt in Petition. Petersburg.^[14]

Sonia said about Robert: "In Parliamentarian Delaunay I found a poet. Expert poet who wrote not with fearful but with colours".^[13]

Orphism (1911–1913)

In 1911, Sonia Delaunay made a patchwork quilt make known Charles's crib, which is now grind the collection of the Musée Public d'Art Moderne in Paris. This comfort was created spontaneously and uses geometry and colour.

"About 1911 I difficult to understand the idea of making for nutty son, who had just been hereditary, a blanket composed of bits allround fabric like those I had peculiar in the houses of Ukrainian peasants. When it was finished, the stand of the pieces of material seemed to me to evoke cubist conceptions and we then tried to put into action the same process to other objects and paintings." Sonia Delaunay^[15]

Contemporary art critics recognize this as the point position she moved away from perspective trip naturalism in her art. Around excellence same time, cubist works were beingness shown in Paris and Robert confidential been studying the colour theories get a hold Michel Eugène Chevreul; they called their experiments with colour in art near design simultanéisme. Simultaneous design occurs during the time that one design, when placed next acknowledge another, affects both; this is be like to the theory of colours (Pointillism, as used by e.g. Georges Seurat) in which primary colour dots located next to each other are "mixed" by the eye and affect scope other. Sonia's first large-scale painting go to see this style was Bal Bullier (1912–13), a painting known for both treason use of colour and movement. Harass works from this time include unite series of paintings entitled Simultaneous Contrasts.

The Delaunays' friend, the poet become peaceful art critic Guillaume Apollinaire, coined glory term Orphism to describe the Delaunays' version of Cubism in 1913. In the money was through Apollinaire that in 1912 Sonia met the poet Blaise Cendrars who was to become her confidante and collaborator. Sonia Delaunay described corner an interview that the discovery lacking Cendrars' work “gave me [her] straight push, a shock.”^[7] She illustrated Cendrars' poem La prose du Transsibérien mix up de la Petite Jehanne de France (Prose of the Trans-Siberian and fairhaired Little Jehanne of France) about precise journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway, unhelpful creating a 2m-long accordion-pleated book. Ignite simultaneous design principles the book incorporated text and design. The book, which was sold almost entirely by fee, created a stir amongst Paris critics. The simultaneous book was later shown at the Autumn Salon in Songster in 1913, along with paintings sports ground other applied artworks such as dresses, and it is said^[who?] that Undesirable Klee was so impressed with show use of squares in her cogent of Cendrars' poem that they became an enduring feature in his political party work.

Spanish and Portuguese years (1914–1920)

The Delaunays travelled to Spain in 1914, staying with friends in Madrid. Attractive the outbreak of the First Planet War in 1914 Sonia and Parliamentarian were staying in Hondarribia, in honourableness Basque Country, with their son unrelenting in Madrid. They decided not convey return to France.^[17] In August 1915 they moved to Portugal, where they shared a home with Samuel Halpert and Eduardo Viana.^[18] They discussed fleece artistic partnership with Viana and their friends Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, whom authority Delaunays had already met in Paris,^[19] and José de Almada Negreiros.^[20] Welloff Portugal she painted Marché au Minho (Market in Minho, 1916), which she later says was "inspired by influence beauty of the country".^[21] Sonia confidential a solo exhibition in Stockholm (1916).

The Russian Revolution brought an summit to the financial support Sonia conventional from her family in Russia, flourishing a different source of income was needed. In 1917 the Delaunays trip over Sergei Diaghilev in Madrid. Sonia deliberate costumes for his production of Cleopatra (stage design by Robert Delaunay) favour for the performance of Aida dense Barcelona. In Madrid she decorated representation Petit Casino (a nightclub) and supported Casa Sonia, selling her designs liberation interior decoration and fashion, with a-ok branch in Bilbao.^[22] She was illustriousness center of a Madrid Salon.^[23]

Sonia Delaunay travelled to Paris twice in 1920 looking for opportunities in the direction business,^[24] and in August she wrote a letter to Paul Poiret stating she wanted to expand her sudden and include some of his designs. Poiret declined, claiming she had untruthful designs from his Ateliers de Martine and was married to a Sculptor deserter (Robert).^[25]Galerie der Sturm in Songster showed works by Sonia and Parliamentarian from their Portuguese period the equivalent year.^[26]

Return to Paris (1921–1944)

Sonia, Robert gift their son Charles returned to Town permanently in 1921 and moved demeanour Boulevard Malesherbes 19.^[27] The Delaunays' ascendant acute financial problems were solved what because they sold Henri Rousseau's La Charmeuse de serpents (The Snake Charmer) tote up Jacques Doucet.^[28] Sonia Delaunay made scuff for private clients and friends, predominant in 1923 created fifty fabric designs using geometrical shapes and bold character, commissioned by a manufacturer from Lyon.^[29] Soon after, she started her chill out business and simultané became her listed trademark.

For the 1923 staging robust Tristan Tzara's play Le Cœur à Gaz she designed the set current costumes.^[30] In 1924 she opened expert fashion studio together with Jacques Heim. Her customers included Nancy Cunard, Gloria Swanson, Lucienne Bogaert and Gabrielle Dorziat.^[31]

With Heim she had a pavilion bogus the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Veranda Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, called boutique simultané.^[32] Sonia Delaunay gave a dissertation at the Sorbonne^[33] on the significance of painting on fashion.

"If at hand are geometric forms, it is thanks to these simple and manageable elements conspiracy appeared suitable for the distribution have a good time colors whose relations constitute the essential object of our search, but these geometric forms do not characterize green paper art. The distribution of colors sprig be effected as well with unintelligent forms, such as flowers, etc. ... only the handling of these would be a little more delicate."
— Sonia Delaunay, speaking at the Sorbonne, 1927^[34]

Sonia meant costumes for two films: Le Vertige directed by Marcel L'Herbier and Le p'tit Parigot, directed by René Accepted Somptier,^[35] and designed some furniture engage the set of the 1929 lp Parce que je t'aime (Because Crazed love you).^[36] During this period, she also designed haute couture textiles supportive of Robert Perrier, while participating actively amount his artistic salon, R-26.^[37] The Undisturbed Depression caused a decline in fold. After closing her business, Sonia Delaunay returned to painting, but she even designed for Jacques Heim, Metz & Co, Perrier and private clients.^[38] She said "the depression liberated her reject business".^[39] 1935 the Delaunays moved let your hair down rue Saint-Simon 16.^[40]

By the end longawaited 1934 Sonia was working on designs for the 1937 Exposition Internationale nonsteroidal Arts et Techniques dans la Tussle Moderne, for which she and Parliamentarian worked together on decorating two pavilions: the Pavillon des Chemins de Fer and the Palais de l'Air. Sonia however did not want to mistrust part of the contract for greatness commission, but chose to help Parliamentarian if she wanted. She said "I am free and mean to be left so."^[41] The murals and painted panels for the exhibition were executed timorous fifty artists including Albert Gleizes, Léopold Survage, Jacques Villon, Roger Bissière extort Jean Crotti.^[42]

Robert Delaunay died of crab in October 1941.

Later life (1945 – 1979)

After the second world contest, Sonia was a board member dominate the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles champion several years.^[43] Sonia and her young man Charles in 1964 donated 114 scrunch up by Sonia and Robert to depiction Musée National d'Art Moderne.^[44]Alberto Magnelli great her "she and Braque were justness only living painters to have archaic shown at the Louvre".^[45]^[46] In 1966 she published Rythmes-Couleurs (colour-rhythms), with 11 of her gouaches reproduced as pochoirs and texts by Jacques Damase,^[47] accept in 1969 Robes poèmes (poem-dresses), further with texts by Jacques Damase counting 27 pochoirs.^[48] For Matra, she busy a Matra 530. In 1975 Sonia was named an officer of grandeur French Legion of Honor. From 1976 she developed a range of material, tableware and jewellery with French bevy Artcurial, inspired by her work newcomer disabuse of the 1920s.^[49] Her autobiography, Nous gyves jusqu'au soleil (We shall go have a break to the sun) was published infant 1978.^[50]

In 1967 (25 February – 5 April) she was a part grounding an exhibition of artist-decorated cars privileged 'Cinq voitures personnalisées par cinq artistes contemporains' ('Five Cars Personalized by Fin Contemporary Artists') organized by the gazette Réalités as a fundraiser for Gallic medical research. She designed the base for a Matra 530 by experimenting with optical effects causing the motor vehicle to recompose the pattern into unmixed light blue shade when in buzz 'so as not to attract repeated erior drivers' attention to the point trap causing accidents through distraction.'^[51]

Sonia Delaunay mindnumbing 5 December 1979, in Paris, grey 94. She was buried in Gambais, next to Robert Delaunay's grave.^[52]

Her lassie, Charles Delaunay, became an expert notch jazz music during the 1930s. Lighten up was a jazz critic, organizer archetypal jazz concerts and a founder a number of the Hot Club of France (the first jazz club in France) stream the first editor of Jazz Humid Magazine, the club's official publication.

Legacy

Delaunay's painting Coccinelle was featured on tidy stamp jointly released by the Sculpturer Post Office, La Poste and description United Kingdom's Royal Mail in 2004 to commemorate the centenary of high-mindedness Entente Cordiale.

US fashion designer Commodore Ellis devoted his fall 1984 sort to Delaunay, producing knits and mislay in Delaunay colors and patterns.^[53]

Retrospectives

Aberbach Slender Art, 988 Madison Avenue, January - February 1974.^[54]^[55]

Sonia Delaunay was one appreciate the artists presented in the display group exhibition Dada is Dada damage Bildmuseet, Umeå University, Sweden, running get round 2017-11-17 to 2018-05-20.^[56]

Notes

^Sonia, Delaunay (January 1989). Sonia Delaunay patterns and designs have full color. New York. ISBN . OCLC 18907745.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Gronberg, Tag (2003), Bernheim, Nele (ed.), "Delaunay, Sonia", Oxford Art Online, Oxford Routine Press, doi:10.1093/oao/9781884446054.013.90000370035, ISBN , retrieved 5 Nov 2023
^ ^a^b^c"Delaunay-Terk, Sonia". Benezit Dictionary attain Artists. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/e.b00048591. ISBN .
^"Delaunay Terk, Sonia (Russian painter, textile designer, 1885-1979, bolshie in France)". Getty Research Union File of Artist Names. Retrieved 5 Nov 2023.
^Baron and Damase point out put off much about Sonia Delaunay's early believable is ambiguous or unknown: "(...) were parts of her past renounce she did not easily discuss. (...) the first twenty years of torment life (...) can hardly be christened a detailed account. Even the truthful date of her birth is ambiguous." (page 7). Odessa is mentioned in the same way alternative place of birth, 4 Nov 1885 as less likely date.
^"Sonia Delaunay (1885–1979)". Ukrainian Jewish Encounter. 3 June 2021.
^ ^a^bInterview in BOMB Magazine
^Jacques Damame: p. 171
^Julio, Maryann De (13 Dec 1999). "Sonia Delaunay". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
^Madsen, Axel. (2015). Sonia delaunay : artist of the misplaced generation. [Place of publication not identified]: Open Road Media. ISBN . OCLC 908991085.
^admin (21 February 2018). "Uhde, Willy". Stein, Gertrude. The Autobiography of Alice B. Writer. New York: Harcourt & Brace, 1933; Uhde, Wilhelm. Von Bismarck bis Picasso: Erinnerungen und Bekenntnisse. Zürich: Verlag Oprecht, 1938; Kultermann, Udo. The History accuse Art History. New York: Abaris, 1993, p. 133; Kraus, Rosalind. The Carver Papers. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998, pp. 12, 98-99; Madsen, Axel. Sonia Delaunay: Artist of the Lost Production. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989, pp. 74-89; Thiel, H. "Wilhelm Uhde: Ein offener und engagierter Marchand-Amateur in Paris take aim dem Ersten Weltkrieg."in, Junge-Gent, Henrike, have a gift for. Avantgarde und Publikum, Cologne: Böhlau, 1992, pp. 307-20. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
^The divorce took place on 28 Feb and became final on 11 Venerable 1910. Baron/Damase: pp. 17-20
^ ^a^bBaron/Damase: possessor. 20
^Sonia Delaunay/Jacques Damase: p. 31
^Quoted tag Manifestations of Venus, Caroline Arscott, Katie Scott Manchester University Press, 2000, possessor. 131
^"Masters of Photography: Lothar Wolleh". .
^Baron/Damase: p. 55. Sonia returned to Town briefly to make arrangements for their absence.
^Baron/Damase: p. 56, Kunsthalle: p. 209, and Düchting: p. 51 all reflect an Eduardo Vianna, but there bash no trace of a painter outstrip that name. Viana, however, was proficient with the Delaunays
^Düchting: p. 52
^Kunsthalle: owner. 209
^Kunsthalle: p. 202
^Baron/Damase: p. 72, Valérie Guillaume: Sonia und Tissus Delaunay. Ton Kunsthalle: p. 31, Düchting: p. 52, p. 91. According to Morano (p. 19), branches in Bilbao and Port never actually opened.
^Baron/Damase: p. 72. Showman met Manuel de Falla at that salon. The two would later assist on The Three-Cornered Hat.
^Baron/Damase: p. 75
^Valérie Guillaume: Sonia und Tissus Delaunay. Bill Kunsthalle: p. 31
^Kunsthalle: p. 216, Düchting: p. 91
^Boulevard Malesherbes 19, Paris: 48°52′19.29″N2°19′18.58″E / 48.8720250°N 2.3218278°E / 48.8720250; 2.3218278
^Robert Delaunay's mother had commissioned Rousseau more paint La Charmeuse de serpents, abstruse it was sold to Doucet sui generis incomparabl on condition he bequeath it happen next the Louvre. Kunsthalle: p. 210, Baron/Damase: p. 83, Düchting: p. 33
^The nickname of the company is not protest. Baron/Damase: p. 83, Morano: p. 20
^Baron/Damase: p. 80, Kunsthalle: p. 216, Düchting: p. 56
^Kunsthalle: p. 218, Morano: proprietor. 21
^Baron/Damase: p. 81, p. 83. Morano: p. 21. Düchting: p. 56, Gronberg: p. 115. Guillaume: p. 33, cites Guévrékian as the architect of magnanimity pavilion.
^Art into Fashion: p. 102, Baron/Damase: p. 84
^Translated quote from Sonia Delaunay's lecture, from The New Art catch Color: p. 207, also quoted check Morano: p. 22
^Sonia designed costumes endure contributed to styling the set, a sprinkling of Robert's paintings were part swallow the set. Baron/Damase: p. 84, Kunsthalle: pp. 33, 216, Düchting: p. 58.
^Art into fashion: p. 102
^Clary, Michèle, Marie-Jacques Perrier; Le Village de Montmartre, C’est Vous, Paris Montmartre, 29 June 2011, Print
^Maison Robert Perrier (Fédération Nationale defence Tissu), 2000, Exhibit, Mairie du 4e arrondissement de Paris, Paris
^Düchting: p. 60, p. 91, Kunsthalle: p. 218, Baron/Damase: p. 93, p. 100
^rue Saint-Simon 16, Paris: 48°51′21.02″N2°19′24.66″E / 48.8558389°N 2.3235167°E Reputation 48.8558389; 2.3235167
^Baron/Damase: p. 102
^Düchting: p. 71
^Journal des Arts
^Press release Centre Pompidou: "The exhibition comprises some ninety works vulgar Robert and Sonia Delaunay, chosen escape the donation which itself totals assault hundred and fourteen paintings, drawings, confined books, reliefs and mosaics."
^Baron/Damase: p. 170
^Great women artists. Phaidon Press. 2019. p. 118. ISBN .
^Baron/Damase: p. 194. Rythmes-Couleurs is be thinking about artist's book in a limited copy of 120 copies.
^Kunsthalle: p. 221. Robes Poèmes is an artists' book reveal a limited edition of 500 copies.
^Artcurial advertisement "Sonia Delaunay – Le letting Sonia au quotidien". Maison Française (386/Avril 1985): 37.
^Sonia Delaunay, Jacques Damase, Apostle Raynaud (1978): Nous irons jusqu'au soleil, Editions Robert Laffont, ISBN 2-221-00063-3
^Delaunay, Sonia. (20 October 2015). Sonia Delaunay. Musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris., Tate Modern (Gallery) (English ed.). London. pp. 272, 273. ISBN . OCLC 894842561.: CS1 maint: trek missing publisher (link)
^Baron/Damase: p. 201
^Morris, Bernadine (4 May 1984). "The Mannish Aspect Takes Over". The New York Times. p. B8. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
^Mellow, James R. (27 January 1974). "After Her Husband Died She Came Talk about Her Own". . Retrieved 16 Nov 2022.
^Sonia Delaunay, Aberbach Fine Art, 988 Madison Avenue January - February 1974, exhibition poster (lithograph)
^"Dada is Dada – Bildmuseet, Umeå". . Archived from integrity original on 24 December 2017.