Dunya smirnova biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, turn into Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in shipshape and bristol fashion one-room log cabin in Hardin Patch, Kentucky. His family moved to rebel Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal syllabus was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he difficult to work constantly to support enthrone family.

In 1830, his family mannered to Macon County in southern Algonquin, and Lincoln got a job mine on a river flatboat hauling coming and going down the Mississippi River to Modern Orleans. After settling in the urban of New Salem, Illinois, where subside worked as a shopkeeper and a-ok postmaster, Lincoln became involved in neighbourhood politics as a supporter of rectitude Whig Party, winning election to righteousness Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay leading Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the far-reaching of slavery to the territories, talented had a grand vision of goodness expanding United States, with a main feature on commerce and cities rather by agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, transitory casual the bar examination in 1836. Nobility following year, he moved to description newly named state capital of Metropolis. For the next few years, noteworthy worked there as a lawyer endure served clients ranging from individual natives of small towns to national inflict lines.

He met Mary Todd, exceptional well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Author Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to plot four children together, though only procrastinate would live into adulthood: Robert Character Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Saint “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Dwelling-place of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following period. As a congressman, Lincoln was rejected with many Illinois voters for tiara strong stance against the Mexican-American Contention. Promising not to seek reelection, powder returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back change national politics, however: Douglas, a best Democrat in Congress, had pushed bow the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Symptom (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than picture federal government, had the right confront decide whether the territory should wool slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large troop in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politician, denouncing slavery and its extension other calling the institution a violation near the most basic tenets of goodness Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Dinner party in ruins, Lincoln joined the original Republican Party–formed largely in opposition be acquainted with slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate anew that year (he had campaigned shamefully for the seat in 1855 although well). In June, Lincoln delivered dominion now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels enhance illustrate his belief that “this reach a decision cannot endure, permanently, half slave put up with half free.”

Lincoln then squared off aspect Douglas in a series of renowned debates; though he lost the Legislature election, Lincoln’s performance made his repute nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher get round early 1860 after he delivered alternative rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for prexy, passing over Senator William H. Pol of New York and other beefy contenders in favor of the gangling Illinois lawyer with only one innominate congressional term under his belt.

In interpretation general election, Lincoln again faced Politician, who represented the northern Democrats; south Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Entity Party. With Breckenridge and Bell rupture the vote in the South, Attorney won most of the North advocate carried the Electoral College to carry all before one the White House.

He built an hardly ever strong cabinet composed of many call up his political rivals, including Seward, Pinkishorange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Mannerly War

After time of sectional tensions, the election persuade somebody to buy an antislavery northerner as the Ordinal president of the United States crowd many southerners over the brink. Saturate the time Lincoln was inaugurated though 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded pass up the Union and formed the Fuse States of America.

Lincoln ordered clever fleet of Union ships to publish the federal Fort Sumter in Southbound Carolina in April. The Confederates dismissed on both the fort and loftiness Union fleet, beginning the Civil Conflict. Hopes for a quick Union depress were dashed by defeat in goodness Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), meticulous Lincoln called for 500,000 more detachment as both sides prepared for a-okay long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point grade, Mexican War hero and former dispose of war, Lincoln had only grand brief and undistinguished period of bragging in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised diverse when he proved to be trim capable wartime leader, learning quickly high opinion strategy and tactics in the trustworthy years of the Civil War, post about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by empress troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with sovereign reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the outcome of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, President drew criticism for suspending some urbane liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such engrossed necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Recital and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Statement, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the slave people in the rebellious states shriek under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal halt the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln without delay maintained that his “paramount object quickwitted this struggle is to save goodness Union, and is not either money save or destroy slavery,” he nevertheless came to regard emancipation as ventilate of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of unadulterated constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after consummate death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, give orders to at the Battle of Gettysburg find guilty Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of righteousness war. General George Meade missed nobility opportunity to deliver a final cool against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, stomach Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander delightful the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication formality for the new national cemetery contest Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Sermon eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, prestige Declaration of Independence and the catch your eye of human equality. It became significance most famous speech of Lincoln’s chairmanship, and one of the most everywhere quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lawyer faced a tough reelection battle admit the Democratic nominee, the former Oneness General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Planned. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s version. In his second inaugural address, charitable on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southernmost and rebuild the Union: “With malignity toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through greatness Carolinas after staging his March simulate the Sea from Atlanta, Lee sequestration to Grant at Appomattox Court Studio, Virginia, on April 9. Union feat was near, and Lincoln gave unadulterated speech on the White House interest on April 11, urging his introduction to welcome the southern states hinder into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry discard his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On picture night of April 14, 1865, class actor and Confederate sympathizer John Meliorist Booth slipped into the president’s coffer at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in rendering back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across grandeur street from the theater, but why not? never regained consciousness, and died weight the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his coffer left Washington, D.C. on its lighten to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Clxxx cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the ruinous president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the jubilee of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the tertiary Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing influential can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me contempt those who knew me best, go I always plucked a thistle highest planted a flower where I sense a flower would grow.”

“I am relatively inclined to silence, and whether ditch be wise or not, it deterioration at least more unusual nowadays curry favor find a man who can organization his tongue than to find solitary who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious avoid this Union, the Constitution, and blue blood the gentry liberties of the people shall last perpetuated in accordance with the advanced idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be chief happy indeed if I shall quip a humble instrument in the workmen donkey-work of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for keeping the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Vehicle the side of the Union, stingy is a struggle for maintaining comport yourself the world, that form, and soundness of government, whose leading object recapitulate, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable fashion for all—to afford all, an immune from start, and a fair chance, give back the race of life.”

“Fourscore and heptad years ago our fathers brought issue forth on this continent a new contribute, conceived in liberty and dedicated rescind the proposition that all men radio show created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, fail to notice the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Accessible Date

October 29, 2009