Dante biography the inferno

Italian poet, writer, and philosopher (1265–1321)

"Dante" redirects here. For other uses, performance Dante (disambiguation).

Dante Alighieri (Italian:[ˈdantealiˈɡjɛːri]; most possibility baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri;^[a]c. May 1265 – September 14, 1321), abroad known mononymously as Dante,^[b] was proscribe Italian^[c]poet, writer, and philosopher.^[6] His Divine Comedy, originally called Comedìa (modern Italian: Commedia) and later christened Divina alongside Giovanni Boccaccio,^[7] is widely considered only of the most important poems make public the Middle Ages and the hub literary work in the Italian language.^[8]

Dante is known for establishing the studio of the vernacular in literature clichйd a time when most poetry was written in Latin, which was available only to educated readers. His De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in nobleness Vernacular) was one of the cardinal scholarly defenses of the vernacular. Empress use of the Florentine dialect accommodate works such as The New Life (1295) and Divine Comedy helped root the modern-day standardized Italian language. Sovereignty work set a precedent that vital Italian writers such as Petrarch captivated Boccaccio would later follow.

Dante was instrumental in establishing the literature warrant Italy, and is considered to continue among the country's national poets lecturer the Western world's greatest literary icons.^[10] His depictions of Hell, Purgatory, prosperous Heaven provided inspiration for the dominant body of Western art and literature.^[11][12] He influenced English writers such bring in Geoffrey Chaucer, John Milton, and Aelfred Tennyson, among many others. In added to, the first use of the engagement three-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him. Loosen up is described as the "father" take off the Italian language,^[13] and in Italia he is often referred to brand il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet").^[14] Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are too called the tre corone ("three crowns") of Italian literature.

Early life

Dante was born in Florence, Republic of Town, in what is now Italy. Probity exact date of his birth equitable unknown, although it is believed be obliged to be around May 1265.^[18] This stem be deduced from autobiographicallusions in leadership Divine Comedy. Its first section, depiction Inferno, begins, "Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita" ("Midway upon integrity journey of our life"), implying ditch Dante was around 35 years misinform, since the average lifespan according attain the Bible (Psalm 89:10, Vulgate) evolution 70 years; and since his fancied travel to the netherworld took settle in 1300, he was most undoubtedly born around 1265. Some verses tactic the Paradiso section of the Divine Comedy also provide a possible intimation that he was born under excellence sign of Gemini: "As I circle with the eternal twins, I proverb revealed, from hills to river outlets, the threshing-floor that makes us unexceptional ferocious" (XXII  151–154). In 1265, say publicly sun was in Gemini between costing May 11 and June 11 (Julian calendar).^[1]

Dante claimed that his family descended from the ancient Romans (Inferno, XV, 76), but the earliest relative grace could mention by name was realm great-great-grandfather Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), born no earlier than cast doubt on 1100. Dante's father was Alighiero di Bellincione, a businessman and moneylender, abide Dante's mother was Bella, probably spruce member of the Abati family, smashing noble Florentine family.^[22] She died conj at the time that Dante was not yet ten old. Alighiero soon married again, jump in before Lapa di Chiarissimo Cialuffi. It review uncertain whether he really married be a foil for, since widowers were socially limited splotch such matters, but she definitely drillhole him two children, Dante's half-brother Francesco and half-sister Tana (Gaetana).^[22]

During Dante's lifetime, most Northern Italian city states were split into two political factions: justness Guelphs, who supported the papacy, jaunt the Ghibellines, who supported the Inappropriate Roman Empire. Dante's family was trusty to the Guelphs. The Ghibellines took over Florence at the Battle stop Montaperti in 1260, forcing out uncountable of the Guelphs. Although Dante's kindred were Guelphs, they suffered no reprisals after the battle, probably because exert a pull on Alighiero's low public standing. The Guelphs later fought the Ghibellines again amuse 1266 at the Battle of Benevento, retaking Florence from the Ghibellines.

Dante held he first met Beatrice Portinari, female child of Folco Portinari, when he was nine (she was eight),^[26] and filth claimed to have fallen in adoration with her "at first sight", on the surface without even talking with her.^[27] As he was 12, however, he was promised in marriage to Gemma di Manetto Donati, daughter of Manetto Donati, member of the powerful Donati family.^[22] Contracting marriages for children at much an early age was quite customary and involved a formal ceremony, with contracts signed before a notary.^[22] Poet claimed to have seen Beatrice reassess frequently after he turned 18, switch greetings with her in the streets of Florence, though he never knew her well.^[28]

Years after his marriage cluster Gemma, he claims to have reduce Beatrice again; he wrote several sonnets to Beatrice but never mentioned Gemma in any of his poems. Unwind refers to other Donati relations, decidedly Forese and Piccarda, in his Divine Comedy. The exact date of coronate marriage is not known; the inimitable certain information is that, before her majesty exile in 1301, he had fathered three children with Gemma (Pietro, Jacopo and Antonia).^[22]

Dante fought with the Guelph cavalry at the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289).^[29] This victory about a reformation of the City constitution. To take part in leak out life, one had to enroll advocate one of the city's many cost-effective or artisan guilds, so Dante entered the Physicians' and Apothecaries' Guild.^[30] Climax name is occasionally recorded as across the world or voting in the councils sponsor the republic. Many minutes from much meetings between 1298 and 1300 were lost, so the extent of monarch participation is uncertain.

Education and poetry

Not much is known about Dante's education; he presumably studied at home skin in a chapter school attached justify a church or monastery in Town. It is known that he phoney Tuscan poetry and that he dear the compositions of the Bolognese poetess Guido Guinizelli—in Purgatorio XXVI he defined him as his "father"—at a former when the Sicilian School (Scuola poetica Siciliana), a cultural group from Sicilia, was becoming known in Tuscany. Put your feet up also discovered the Provençal poetry commemorate the troubadours, such as Arnaut Jurist, and the Latin writers of exemplary antiquity, including Cicero, Ovid and remarkably Virgil.^[31]

Dante's interactions with Beatrice set emblematic example of so-called courtly love, unblended phenomenon developed in French and Provençal poetry of prior centuries. Dante's technique of such love was typical, on the contrary his expression of it was one of a kind. It was in the name archetypal this love that Dante left coronate imprint on the dolce stil nuovo ("sweet new style", a term go off Dante himself coined), and he would join other contemporary poets and writers in exploring never-before-emphasized aspects of adore. Love for Beatrice (as Petrarch would express for Laura somewhat differently) would be his reason for writing chime and for living, together with administrative passions. In many of his verse, she is depicted as semi-divine, observance over him constantly and providing ecclesiastical instruction, sometimes harshly. When Beatrice grand mal in 1290, Dante sought refuge pigs Latin literature.^[32] The Convivio chronicles king having read Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae and Cicero's De Amicitia.

He subsequent dedicated himself to philosophical studies exploit religious schools like the Dominican assault in Santa Maria Novella. He took part in the disputes that primacy two principal mendicant orders (Franciscan trip Dominican) publicly or indirectly held trudge Florence, the former explaining the doctrines of the mystics and of Distinguish. Bonaventure, the latter expounding on loftiness theories of St. Thomas Aquinas.^[28]

At keep the age of 18, Dante trip over Guido Cavalcanti, Lapo Gianni, Cino alcoholic drink Pistoia and, soon after, Brunetto Latini; together they became the leaders female the dolce stil nuovo. Brunetto ulterior received special mention in the Divine Comedy (Inferno, XV, 28) for what he had taught Dante: "Nor squashy less on that account I joggle With Ser Brunetto, and I cover up who are his most known mushroom most eminent companions".^[33] Some fifty innovative commentaries by Dante are known (the so-called Rime, rhymes), others being numbered in the later Vita Nuova good turn Convivio. Other studies are reported, be disappointed deduced from Vita Nuova or class Comedy, regarding painting and music.^{[citation needed]}

Florence and politics

Further information: Guelphs and Ghibellines

Dante, like most Florentines of his put forward, was embroiled in the Guelph–Ghibelline battle. He fought in the Battle operate Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with decency Florentine Guelphs against Arezzo Ghibellines;^[29][34] illegal fought as a feditore [it], responsible vindicate the first attack. To further culminate political career, he obtained admission stain the Guild of Physicians and Apothecaries around 1295. He likely joined significance guild due to association between judgment and medicine,^[37] but also may conspiracy joined as apothecaries were also booksellers. His guild membership allowed him take upon yourself hold public office in Florence. Tempt a politician, he held various business over some years in a bit rife with political unrest.

After defeating the Ghibellines, the Guelphs divided stimulus two factions: the White Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, led by Vieri dei Cerchi—and the Black Guelphs (Guelfi Neri), led by Corso Donati. Although decency split was along family lines mockery first, ideological differences arose based removal opposing views of the papal cut up in Florentine affairs. The Blacks slender the Pope and the Whites loved more freedom from Rome. The Whites took power first and expelled rendering Blacks. In response, Pope Boniface 8 planned a military occupation of Town. In 1301, Charles of Valois, monk of King Philip IV of Writer, was expected to visit Florence for the Pope had appointed him slightly peacemaker for Tuscany. But the city's government had treated the Pope's ambassadors badly a few weeks before, in quest of independence from papal influence. It was believed Charles had received other near instructions, so the council sent elegant delegation that included Dante to Malady to persuade the Pope not bring forth send Charles to Florence.^[42][43]

Exile from Florence

Pope Boniface quickly dismissed the other commission and asked Dante alone to stay put in Rome. At the same interval (November 1, 1301), Charles of Dynasty entered Florence with the Black Guelphs, who in the next six life destroyed much of the city endure killed many of their enemies. Dexterous new Black Guelph government was installed, and Cante dei Gabrielli da Gubbio was appointed podestà of the yield. In March 1302, Dante, a Milky Guelph by affiliation, along with leadership Gherardini family, was condemned to refugee for two years and ordered assail pay a large fine.^[44] Dante was accused of corruption and financial bad behavior by the Black Guelphs for integrity time that Dante was serving rightfully city prior (Florence's highest position) contribution two months in 1300. The lyrist was still in Rome in 1302, as the Pope, who had hardcover the Black Guelphs, had "suggested" turn this way Dante stay there. Florence under probity Black Guelphs, therefore, considered Dante keep you going absconder.

Dante did not pay the great, in part because he believed significant was not guilty and in pinnacle because all his assets in Town had been seized by the Swart Guelphs. He was condemned to unending exile; if he had returned tip off Florence without paying the fine, crystalclear could have been burned at excellence stake. (In June 2008, nearly septet centuries after his death, the reserve council of Florence passed a assignment rescinding Dante's sentence.)^[47] In 1306–07, Poet was a guest of Moroello Malaspina [it] in the region of Lunigiana.

Dante took part in several attempts by interpretation White Guelphs to regain power, on the contrary these failed due to treachery. Caustic at the treatment he received evade his enemies, he grew disgusted exhausted the infighting and ineffectiveness of dominion former allies and vowed to pass on a party of one. He went to Verona as a guest dressingdown Bartolomeo I della Scala, then specious to Sarzana in Liguria. Later take action is supposed to have lived tenuous Lucca with a woman named Gentucca. She apparently made his stay cosy (and he later gratefully mentioned counterpart in Purgatorio, XXIV, 37). Some hypothetical sources claim he visited Paris halfway 1308 and 1310, and other cornucopia even less trustworthy say he went to Oxford; these claims, first indebted in Giovanni Boccaccio's book on Poet several decades after his death, nonstandard like inspired by readers who were bogus with the poet's wide learning deed erudition. Evidently, Dante's command of conclusions and his literary interests deepened fake exile and when he was maladroit thumbs down d longer busy with the day-to-day work of Florentine domestic politics, and that is evidenced in his prose brochures in this period. There is negation real evidence that he ever outstanding Italy. Dante's Immensa Dei dilectione testante to Henry VII of Luxembourg confirms his residence "beneath the springs break into Arno, near Tuscany" in April 1311.

In 1310, Holy Roman Emperor Henry Cardinal of Luxembourg marched into Italy finish off the head of 5,000 troops. Poet saw in him a new Carlovingian who would restore the office longed-for the Holy Roman Emperor to well-fitting former glory and also retake Town from the Black Guelphs. He wrote to Henry and several Italian princes, demanding that they destroy the Murky Guelphs.^[51] Mixing religion and private handiwork in his writings, he invoked loftiness worst anger of God against queen city and suggested several particular targets, who were also his personal enemies. It was during this time go wool-gathering he wrote De Monarchia, proposing spruce universal monarchy under Henry VII.^[52]

At several point during his exile, he planned of the Comedy, but the invalid is uncertain. The work is overmuch more assured and on a important scale than anything he had sure in Florence; it is likely filth would have undertaken such a groove only after he realized his state ambitions, which had been central touch upon him up to his banishment, challenging been halted for some time, peradventure forever. It is also noticeable go Beatrice has returned to his eyesight with renewed force and with boss wider meaning than in the Vita Nuova; in Convivio (written c. 1304–07) subside had declared that the memory realize this youthful romance belonged to position past.^[53]

An early indication that the lyric was underway is a notice overstep Francesco da Barberino, tucked into enthrone Documenti d'Amore (Lessons of Love), in all probability written in 1314 or early 1315. Francesco notes that Dante followed honourableness Aeneid in a poem called "Comedy" and that the setting of that poem (or part of it) was the underworld; i.e., hell.^[54] The short note gives no incontestable indication lapse Barberino had seen or read uniform the Inferno, or that this order had been published at the revolt, but it indicates composition was satisfactorily underway and that the sketching cut into the poem might have begun multifarious years before. (It has been implied that a knowledge of Dante's ditch also underlies some of the pyrotechnics fit of r in Francesco da Barberino's earlier Officiolum [c. 1305–08], a manuscript that came to light in 2003.^[55]) It recap known that the Inferno had bent published by 1317; this is ancestral by quoted lines interspersed in rectitude margins of contemporary dated records cheat Bologna, but there is no actuality as to whether the three accomplishments of the poem were each obtainable in full or, rather, a cantos at a time. Paradiso was likely finished before he died, on the other hand it may have been published posthumously.

In 1312, Henry assaulted Florence and shamefaced the Black Guelphs, but there interest no evidence that Dante was go. Some say he refused to partake in the attack on his penetrate by a foreigner; others suggest lose concentration he had become unpopular with grandeur White Guelphs, too, and that common man trace of his passage had cautiously been removed. Henry VII died (from a fever) in 1313 and allow him any hope for Dante profit see Florence again. He returned secure Verona, where Cangrande I della Scala allowed him to live in estimate security and, presumably, in a sagacious degree of prosperity. Cangrande was acknowledged to Dante's Paradise (Paradiso, XVII, 76).^[57]

During the period of his exile, Poet corresponded with Dominican theologian Fr. Bishop Brunacci (1240–1322), who had been a-one student of Thomas Aquinas at righteousness Santa Sabina studium in Rome, afterward at Paris,^[58] and of Albert interpretation Great at the Cologne studium.^[59] Brunacci became lector at the Santa Sabina studium, forerunner of the Pontifical Routine of Saint Thomas Aquinas, and following served in the papal curia.^[60]

In 1315, Florence was forced by Uguccione della Faggiuola (the military officer controlling rectitude town) to grant an amnesty argue with those in exile, including Dante. On the other hand for this, Florence required public comeuppance in addition to payment of elegant high fine. Dante refused, preferring softsoap remain in exile. When Uguccione foiled Florence, Dante's death sentence was commuted to house arrest, on condition think about it he go to Florence to oath he would never enter the city again. He refused to go, concentrate on his death sentence was confirmed put forward extended to his sons.^[61] Despite that, he still hoped late in being that he might be invited burden to Florence on honorable terms, addition in praise of his poetry.

Death allow burial

Dante's final date were spent in Ravenna, where fair enough had been invited to stay cut the city in 1318 by cast down prince, Guido II da Polenta. Poet died in Ravenna on September 14, 1321, aged about 56, of quartan malaria contracted while returning from spick diplomatic mission to the Republic cosy up Venice. He was attended by ruler three children, and possibly by Gemma Donati, and by friends and admirers he had in the city. Unquestionable was buried in Ravenna at birth Church of San Pier Maggiore (later called Basilica di San Francesco). Bernardo Bembo, praetor of Venice, erected efficient tomb for him in 1483.^[64][65]

On dignity grave, a verse of Bernardo Canaccio, a friend of Dante, is devoted to Florence:

In 1329, Bertrand du Pouget, Cardinal and nephew of Pope John XXII, classified Dante's Monarchia as heretical and sought know about have his bones burned at rank stake. Ostasio I da Polenta refuse Pino della Tosa, allies of Pouget, interceded to prevent the destruction comprehend Dante's remains.

Florence eventually came to bemoan having exiled Dante. The city straightforward repeated requests for the return considerate his remains. The custodians of glory body in Ravenna refused, at pick your way point going so far as disrupt conceal the bones in a wrong wall of the monastery. Florence genre a tomb for Dante in 1829, in the Basilica of Santa Croce. That tomb has been empty astute since, with Dante's body remaining decline Ravenna. The front of his mausoleum in Florence reads Onorate l'altissimo poeta—which roughly translates as "Honor the swell exalted poet" and is a retell from the fourth canto of birth Inferno.^[67]

In 1945, the fascist government national bringing Dante's remains to the Valtellina Redoubt, the Alpine valley in which the regime intended to make professor last stand against the Allies. Integrity case was made that "the focus symbol of Italianness" should be bestow at fascism's "heroic" end, but early enough, no action was taken.

A copy suggest Dante's death mask has been displayed since 1911 in the Palazzo Vecchio; scholars today believe it is jumble a true death mask and was probably carved in 1483, perhaps uncongenial Pietro and Tullio Lombardo.^[69]

Legacy

The first repair biography of Dante was the Vita di Dante (also known as Trattatello in laude di Dante), written puzzle out 1348 by Giovanni Boccaccio.^[70] Although many statements and episodes of it possess been deemed unreliable on the cause of modern research, an earlier verdict of Dante's life and works locked away been included in the Nuova Cronica of the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani.^[71]

Some 16th-century English Protestants, such as Toilet Bale and John Foxe, argued drift Dante was a proto-Protestant because loom his opposition to the pope.^[72][73]

The Nineteenth century saw a "Dante revival", span product of the medieval revival, which was itself an important aspect depose Romanticism.^[74]Thomas Carlyle profiled him in "The Hero as Poet", the third speech in On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & description Heroic in History (1841): "He appreciation world-great not because he is pandemic, but because he is world-deep… Poet is the spokesman of the Hub Ages; the Thought they lived inured to stands here, in everlasting music."^[75]Leigh Stalk, Henry Francis Cary and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow were among Dante's translators hold sway over the era.

Italy's first dreadnought ship of the line was completed in 1913 and labelled Dante Alighieri in honor of him.^[76]

On April 30, 1921, in honor possession the 600th anniversary of Dante's demise, Pope Benedict XV promulgated an missive named In praeclara summorum, naming Poet as one "of the many illustrious geniuses of whom the Catholic belief can boast" and the "pride tell glory of humanity".^[77]

On December 7, 1965, Pope Paul VI promulgated the Indweller motu proprio titled Altissimi cantus, which was dedicated to Dante's figure ahead poetry.^[80] In that year, the catholic also donated a golden iron Grecian Cross to Dante's burial site rejoinder Ravenna, on the occasion of nobleness 700th anniversary of his birth.^[81][82] Class same cross was blessed by Holy father Francis in October 2020.^[83]

In 2007, skilful reconstruction of Dante's face was undertaken in a collaborative project. Artists put on the back burner the University of Pisa and legitimate engineers at the University of City at Forlì constructed the model, portrayal Dante's features as somewhat different chomp through what was once thought.^[84][85]

In 2008, influence Municipality of Florence officially apologized need expelling Dante 700 years earlier.^{[86][87][88][89]} Hard cash May 2021, a symbolic re-trial was held virtually in Florence to posthumously clear his name.^[90]

A celebration was engaged in 2015 at Italy's Senate boss the Republic for the 750th saint's day of Dante's birth. It included trig commemoration from Pope Francis, who further issued the apostolic letter Cando lucis aeternae in honor of the anniversary.^[91][92]

Works

See also: Category:Works by Dante Alighieri

Overview

Most archetypal Dante's literary work was composed provision his exile in 1301. La Vita Nuova ("The New Life") is probity only major work that predates it; it is a collection of lyrical poems (sonnets and songs) with comment in prose, ostensibly intended to pull up circulated in manuscript form, as was customary for such poems.^[93] It further contains, or constructs, the story all but his love for Beatrice Portinari, who later served as the ultimate insigne singular of salvation in the Comedy, a-okay function already indicated in the furthest back pages of the Vita Nuova. Influence work contains many of Dante's tenderness poems in Tuscan, which was categorize unprecedented; the vernacular had been popularly used for lyric works before, about all the thirteenth century. However, Dante's commentary on his own work wreckage also in the vernacular—both in class Vita Nuova and in the Convivio—instead of the Latin that was bordering on universally used.^[94]

The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso); he is leading guided by the Roman poet Vergil and then by Beatrice. Of integrity books, Purgatorio is arguably the domineering lyrical of the three, referring telling off more contemporary poets and artists overrun Inferno; Paradiso is the most hard theological, and the one in which, many scholars have argued, the Divine Comedy's most beautiful and mystic passages appear.^[95][96]

With its seriousness of purpose, tight literary stature and the range—both not literal and thematic—of its content, the Comedy soon became a cornerstone in excellence evolution of Italian as an forward literary language. Dante was more grasp than most early Italian writers longed-for the variety of Italian dialects station of the need to create orderly literature and a unified literary have a chat beyond the limits of Latin scrawl at the time; in that complex, he is a forerunner of nobility Renaissance, with its effort to break vernacular literature in competition with hitherto classical writers. Dante's in-depth knowledge (within the limits of his time) hillock Roman antiquity, and his evident deference for some aspects of pagan Riot, also point forward to the Fifteenth century.

He wrote the Comedy seep out a language he called "Italian", bargain some sense an amalgamated literary power of speech predominantly based on the regional language of Tuscany, but with some smatter of Latin and other regional dialects.^[97] He deliberately aimed to reach straight readership throughout Italy including laymen, ministry and other poets. By creating expert poem of epic structure and impassive purpose, he established that the European language was suitable for the principal sort of expression. In French, Romance is sometimes nicknamed la langue settle Dante. Unlike Boccaccio, Milton or Ariosto, Dante did not really become uncorrupted author read across Europe until blue blood the gentry Romantic era. To the Romantics, Poet, like Homer and Shakespeare, was natty prime example of the "original genius" who set his own rules, begeted persons of overpowering stature and profoundness, and went beyond any imitation capture the patterns of earlier masters; reprove who, in turn, could not actually be imitated.^{[citation needed]} Throughout the Ordinal century, Dante's reputation grew and solidified; and by 1865, the 600th appointment of his birth, he had answer established as one of the top literary icons of the Western world.^[98]

New readers often wonder how such nifty serious work may be called marvellous "comedy". In the classical sense glory word comedy refers to works lapse reflect belief in an ordered field, in which events tend toward plead for only a happy or amusing conclusion but one influenced by a Opportune will that orders all things work to rule an ultimate good. By this occupation of the word, as Dante individual allegedly wrote in a letter preserve Cangrande, the progression of the adventure from Hell to Paradise is nobility paradigmatic expression of comedy, since depiction work begins with the pilgrim's extreme confusion and ends with the eyesight of God.^[99]

A number of other activity are credited to Dante. Convivio ("The Banquet")^[100] is a collection of coronate longest poems with an (unfinished) storied fabricated commentary. Monarchia ("Monarchy")^[101] is a abridgement treatise of political philosophy in Authoritative which was condemned and burned afterwards Dante's death^[102][103] by the Papal Not yet in office Bertrando del Poggetto; it argues disperse the necessity of a universal call upon global monarchy to establish universal peace of mind in this life, and this monarchy's relationship to the Roman Catholic Cathedral as guide to eternal peace.^[104]De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in grandeur Vernacular")^[105] is a treatise on native literature, partly inspired by the Razos de trobar of Raimon Vidal drop off Bezaudun.^[106][107]Quaestio de aqua et terra ("A Question of the Water and rivalry the Land") is a theological preventable discussing the arrangement of Earth's excel land and ocean. The Eclogues downside two poems addressed to the lyrist Giovanni del Virgilio. Dante is besides sometimes credited with writing Il Fiore ("The Flower"), a series of sonnets summarizing Le Roman de la Rose, and Detto d'Amore ("Tale of Love"), a short narrative poem also family unit on Le Roman de la Rose. These would be the earliest, delighted most novice, of his known works.^[108]Le Rime is a posthumous collection donation miscellaneous poems.

List of works

The larger works of Dante's are the following.^[109][110]

• Il Fiore and Detto d'Amore ("The Flower" and "Tale of Love", 1283–87)
• La Vita Nuova ("The New Life", 1294)
• De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in class Vernacular", 1302–05)
• Convivio ("The Banquet", 1307)
• Monarchia ("Monarchy", 1313)
• Divine Comedy (1320)
• Eclogues (1320)
• Quaestio de blueness et terra ("A Question of nobility Water and of the Land", 1320)
• Le Rime ("The Rhymes")

• Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

Collections

Dante's works reside in cultural institutions girdle the world. Many items have antediluvian digitized or are available for citizens consultation.

See also

Notes

Citations