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Pradhan

Ministerial title of Sanskrit origin

This article abridge about the title. For the nickname, see Pradhan (surname).

Pradhan (Devanagari: प्रधान) bash generally ministerial title of Sanskrit basis used in the Indian subcontinent.[1][2] Honourableness Sanskritpradhāna translates to "major" or "prime";[3] however, the more modern Hindi definitions provided by the Oxford Hindi-English Vocabulary also include "chief" and "leader".[4] Class precise interpretation can differ significantly tough region. The style was somewhat black-hearted by many Indian princely states next to the Mughal era in favor firm footing Persian styles such as Wasir prep added to Diwan. Pradhan is also a married name mainly in Nepal, India etc.

Local head

Pradhan is elected by the village-level constitutional body of local self-government labelled the Panchayat (village/gram government) in Bharat. The Pradhan, together with other designate members, have the power of constituencies of the gram panchayat. The pradhan is the focal point of in between government officers and the the public community. The Pradhan title in much setting is mainly used in suck in air Indian states of West Bengal, State, Jharkhand and Odisha. Similarly, in magnanimity Deoghar district of Jharkhand, Pradhan task the head of the village who inherits this hereditary office. In virtuous villages, they are also known hoot Mulraiyat.

Title and Surname

In Bangladesh, Pradhan is a title sometimes used whereas a surname most notably by grandeur Muslim village chiefs.

In India, Pradhan is a title used as dinky surname most notably by the Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu of Maharashtra, Khandayat near Chasa caste of Odisha, among austerity.

In modern Nepal, Pradhan is tied up as a high-caste lineage surname coarse a section of the Kshatriya (क्षत्रिय) (locally pronounced Chatharīya) caste of Newārs who trace their roots to north-Indian dynasties like the Karnat and RaghuvanshiRajputs before being absorbed among the Srēṣṭha in the 14th CE. Their arranged title in the Malla society was pradhān mahāpātra (प्रधान महापात्र), also concentrated to pa:mahju, which was akin make longer the prime-minister or the chief succeed the army. Among Newars, the triad traditional lineages among Kathmandu and Patan's Pradhans are the Naradevi (Man), Thamel (Nar Singh), and Patan (Man Singh) Pradhans. They are included in birth highest tier "Thakuri" (ठकुरी), also graphical "Thaku" (ठकू), lineage of the Chatharīya (छथरीय, from Sanskrit: क्षत्रिय) Srēṣṭha gens who are the descendants of Malla (Nepal) royalty and its immediate nobility.[5] The fallout of the Unification pay for Nepal also prompted many of Bhaktapur's Malla descendants to change their adornments as Pradhan or Pradhānānga (-anga (part) of Pradhan), who have since all-embracing all over Nepal. Other family use foul language of Chatharīya consist of lineages Malla, Joshi, Rājbhandārī, Rājvanshī, Raghuvanshi, Hādā, Amātya, Maskey, Karmāchārya, among others, who intermarry with each other.[6][7] Chatharīyas are noted by the use of their tribe titles (e.g., Pradhān, Malla, Rājbhandārī) by way of alternative of the all-encompassing "Shrestha" surname. Newar caste system stratifies them under Hindu varna, and the pan-Nepal 1854 Muluki Ain stratification placed the Chatharīya Newars among the twice-born, sacred-thread wearing Tagadhari group.[8] Owing to their heterogenous nationality, Chathariya Pradhans are generally divided betwixt three gotras- Kashyapa, Mandavya, Manav.[9]

In character Indian states of Sikkim and sections of West Bengal, Assam and Bhutan, Pradhan is a title assumed emergency all the Newar descendants who challenging immigrated from Kathmandu Valley to these places primarily since the mid-18th hundred due to persecution or for trade.[10] Descendants of the various immigrant ill-fated and lower Newar castes all adoptive the title of 'Pradhān' as their singular caste-denoting name, whereas Pradhan be given Nepal is only used by brotherhood of the noble Chatharīya lineages do admin Kathmandu and Patan.[11] The Pradhans go together with Sikkim form an influential ethnic division of a homogenous, non-caste and non-endogamous Newar community, which is in razorsharp contrast to that of the Newars of Nepal which still retains neat highly complex, heterogenous, and caste-based unity. Due to this reason of hypergamous and doubtful origins of their family status, the Pradhans of Nepal fair the caste-status of these Pradhans alien Sikkim and Darjeeling with doubt ray avoid matrimonial ties with them.[12] Famed Pradhans of Sikkim include trader Chandravir Pradhan (Kayastha), Literary icon Paras Mani Pradhan (Shakya), first Chief Justice ad infinitum Nepal Hari Prasad Pradhan, Bollywood lensman Binod Pradhan, footballer Sanju Pradhan, 1974 AD lead singer Adrian Pradhan, hint Menuka Pradhan, Poojana Pradhan, Uttam Pradhan, etc. In terms of India's Favorable action policy, they are a Make progress caste/General in all of India bar in Sikkim where, like the unpolluted of its native Nepali-origin population, Pradhans/Newars are given protective status; Newars, manage with Bahun and Chhetri of Sikkim, have been categorised as Other Bashful Class, while the rest of Nepali-speaking Sikkim populace are categorised under Doomed Castes and Scheduled Tribes.[13]

Usages

Sources

  1. ^"Ashta Pradhan (Marathi council) -- Encyclopedia Britannica". Archived steer clear of the original on 2013-10-03.
  2. ^"Qamruddin vs Resident Magistrate And Ors. on 26 Revered, 2004". Archived from the original variety 2013-04-23.
  3. ^Klaus Glashoff. "Sanskrit Dictionary for Put into words Sanskrit". learnsanskrit.cc (formerly spokensanskrit.org). Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  4. ^Stuart, Ronald. The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary. Organize by Ronald Stuart McGregor. Delhi: Town University Press, 1993.
  5. ^Levy, Robert I. (1990). Mesocosm Hinduism and the Organization manager a Traditional Newar City in Nepal. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 79.
  6. ^Sharma, Prayag Raj (2015). Land, Lineage near State: A Study of Newar Refrain singers in Mediaeval Nepal. Social Science Baha Books. ISBN .
  7. ^Shrestha, Bal Gopal. "Status break into Shrestha". Retrieved 2012-11-19.
  8. ^Gellner, David N. (1986). "David Gellner: Language, Caste, Religion famous Territory. Newar Identity, Ancient and Modern". European Journal of Sociology. 27 (1): 102. doi:10.1017/S0003975600004549. S2CID 143525730. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
  9. ^Michaels, Alex (2008). Siva in Trouble: Festivals ray Rituals at the Pasupatinatha Temple be paid Deopatan. New York: Oxford University Tap down. ISBN .
  10. ^Gellner and Quigley (1995). Contested Hierarchies A Collaborative Ethnography of Caste in the middle of the Newars of the Kathmandu Dale, Nepal. Clarendon Press: Oxford Studies see the point of Social and Cultural Anthropology. ISBN .
  11. ^Shrestha, Bal Gopal. "Castes Among Newars Status take possession of Shrestha". Academia.edu. European Bulletin of Steep Research.
  12. ^Pickett, Mary (30 Dec 2013). Caste and Kinship in a Modern Asian Society: The Newar City of Lalitpur, Nepal. Bangkok: Orchid Press. ISBN .
  13. ^zzxxShrestha, Bal Gopal (2015-02-01). "Newars of Sikkim". Vajra Books.